Sign up to our free fortnightly newsletter from The Independent's Race Correspondent Nadine White Sign up to our free fortnightly newsletter The Race Report
Merriam-Webster dictionary has agreed to revise its definition of racism following a request made by a recent graduate.
The current definition of racism in the Merriam-Webster states that it is “a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race”.
Kennedy Mitchum, from Florissant, St Louis, Missouri, who recently graduated from Drake University with a degree in law, politics and society, found that people would use the definition of racism in the dictionary as the basis for arguments.
However, as the 22-year-old explained to St Louis television station KMOV , the definition as it stands omits mention of “systematic oppression”.
“I know what racism is, I’ve experienced it, so I emailed them,” she said.
“I basically told them that they need to include that there’s a systematic oppression upon a group of people. It’s not just, ‘Oh, I don’t like someone.”
After sending an email expressing her concerns, Ms Mitchum engaged in a back and forth conversation with Merriam-Webster, before being informed that the entry would be revised.
Dr Charlene Jones a professor of political science at Harris Stowe State University, explained to KMOV why the dictionary entry needed to be edited.
“The reason the definition of racism in the dictionary is inadequate is because it suggests that racism is just a passive kind of concept, whereas racism in actuality is a passive belief, but it also causes horrendous actions towards people who don’t look like you,” the professor stated.
Drake University, where Ms Mitchum studied, shared a screenshot of the email response she received from the dictionary.
“While our focus will always be on faithfully reflecting the real-world usage of a word, not on promoting any particular viewpoint, we have concluded that omitting any mention of the systemic aspects of racism promotes a certain viewpoint in itself,” the email reportedly said.
“It also does a disservice to readers of all races. Because people often turn to the dictionary to gain a more nuanced view of the way a word is being used in a particular context, and because the use of the word racism to specifically describe racial prejudice combined with systemic oppression is now so common, ignoring this meaning of the word may leave our readers confused or misled.”
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UKShow all 79 1 /79Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People take part in a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Parliament Square, London, in memory of George Floyd who was killed on May 25 while in police custody in the US city of Minneapolis
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A girl wears a face mask during a Black Lives Matter rally in Parliament Square
AP
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People are seen by a mural of George Floyd who died in police custody in Minneapolis, Stevenson Square, Manchester
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People take part in a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Manchester Piccadilly Gardens
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Children pose for their family in front of discarded placards fixed on a wall in Piccadilly Gardens after a Black Lives Matter demonstrations in Manchester
Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People shout slogans during a Black Lives Matter rally in Parliament Square
AP
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators in Leicester
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A demonstrator holds up a placard during a Black Lives Matter protest in Parliament Square
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A demonstrator gestures during a Black Lives Matter protest in Manchester
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A mounted police officer raises their baton as police horses ride along Whitehall, past the entrance to Downing Street, in an attempt to disperse protestors gathered in central London
AFP via Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People take part in a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Bute Park, Cardiff
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People take part in a Black Lives Matter protest rally march on Vauxhall Bridge Road, London
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Protesters hold up signs as they march along a road during a peaceful Black Lives Matter march in Aylesbury
Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People climbing on top of the Queen Victoria Statue as they take part in a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Manchester Piccadilly Gardens
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Children pose for a photo during a Black Lives Matter protest at Parliament Square
Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators hold placards as they attend a protest march to the US Embassy in London
AFP via Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Protesters demonstrate near the the US Embassy in Nine Elms in London
Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Protesters in Whitehall following a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Parliament Square
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators wearing protective face masks and face coverings hold placards during a Black Lives Matter protest in Leicester
Reuters
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A demonstrator is seen during a Black Lives Matter protest in Parliament Square
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators are seen as police officers look on during a Black Lives Matter protest near Downing street in London
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators are seen wth police liaison officers during a Black Lives Matter protest in Luton
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A protest at Parliament Square in London
EPA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A demonstrator in Leicester
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People take part in a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Parliament Square
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators wearing protective face masks and face coverings hold placards during a Black Lives Matter protest in Leicester
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators block traffic outside Victoria Station
AP
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People take part in a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Custom House Square, Belfast
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Police on horseback in Whitehall following a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Parliament Square, London
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Protesters hold placards as they attend a demonstration in Parliament Square
AFP via Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators throw flares above a police line during a Black Lives Matter march in London
AP
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People climbing on top of the Queen Victoria Statue as they take part in a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Manchester Piccadilly Gardens
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators raise their hands facing police officers after scuffles during a Black Lives Matter march in London
AP
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People are seen placing placards on a fence in London
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A demonstrator is seen with a protective face mask during a Black Lives Matter protest in Watford
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A sign alternatively naming Wilson Street 'Rosa Parks Street' in Glasgow. Activists have put up names of black people and civil rights activists throughout history alongside street names around the Scottish centre as part of the ongoing worldwide demonstrations following the death of George Floyd
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Boxer Anthony Joshua is seen with demonstrators during a Black Lives Matter protest in Watford
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators gather outside Downing Street
AP
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators kneel facing police officers after scuffles during a Black Lives Matter march in London
AP
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators lay on the pavement during a Black Lives Matter rally at Trafalgar Square
AP
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A protester stands on bus stop and raises their hand during a Black Lives Matter protest at Parliament Square
Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Protesters holding placards gather in Manchester
Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A man gestures during a Black Lives Matter march in in London
AP
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Girls hold placards in London
AP
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A demonstrator in Parliament Square
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A demonstrator wearing a protective face mask during a Black Lives Matter protest in Leicester
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A protest placard is affixed to the plinth of a statue of the Duke of Wellington on the second day of Black Lives Matter demonstrations in Piccadilly Gardens
Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People take part in a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Deansgate, Manchester
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators stage a Black Lives Matter Protest in Leicester city centre
EPA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A demonstrator points towards a mounted police officer laying in the road after being unseated from their horse, during a demonstration on Whitehall, near the entrance to Downing Street
AFP via Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A 'Black Lives Matter' (BLM) protest at Parliament Square
EPA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People take part in a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Manchester Piccadilly Gardens
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Protesters in Whitehall following a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Parliament Square, London
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Protesters in Whitehall following a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Parliament Square
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Protests at Parliament Square in London
EPA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A demonstrator holds a placard during a Black Lives Matter protest in Watford
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators hold placards during a Black Lives Matter protest in Watford
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Protesters hold placards as they march through central London
Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators in Parliament Square
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Protesters kneel as they hold placards during a demonstration in Manchester
AFP via Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A mother and son hold up a sign during a peaceful Black Lives Matter march in Aylesbury
Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A protest march in Manchester
AFP via Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People take part in a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Parliament Square, London
Gemma Fox/The Independent
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators are seen standing on top of a bus stop wearing protective face masks and face coverings as the Black Lives Matter protesters march to the Home Office in London
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People take part in a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Manchester Piccadilly Gardens
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators during a Black Lives Matter protest in Manchester are seen by a mural of George Floyd
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People take part in a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Parliament Square, London
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A demonstrator is seen wearing a protective face mask as the Black Lives Matter protesters march to the Home Office in London
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Protest in Parliament Square
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Demonstrators with a flare are seen during a Black Lives Matter protest near Downing street in London
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People take part in a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Bute Park, Cardiff
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Protesters hold up signs during a peaceful Black Lives Matter march in Aylesbury
Getty
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A protester raises his arm during a second day of Black Lives Matter demonstrations in Piccadilly Gardens
Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People take part in a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Bute Park, Cardiff
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Placards are seen during a Black Lives Matter protest in Parliament Square
REUTERS
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK People take part in a Black Lives Matter protest rally in Manchester Piccadilly Gardens
PA
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Protesters holding placards gather at the Queen Victoria monument for a second day of Black Lives Matter demonstrations in Piccadilly Gardens
Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK Protesters hold placards as they attend a demonstration in Manchester
AFP via Getty Images
Black Lives Matter protesters gather across the UK A woman kneels during a Black Lives Matter rally in London
AP
Merriam-Webster said that a revision to the entry for racism is currently being drafted, in addition to other entries for words relating to racism or with racial connotations.
“This revision would not have been made without your persistence in contacting us about this problem. We sincerely thank you for repeatedly writing in and apologise for the harm and offence we have caused in failing to address this issue sooner,” the email said.
Speaking about the impact individuals can have amid the Black Lives Matter protests, Ms Mitchum said that she thinks “everyone really needs to realise what their strengths are and how they can contribute to the movement”.
Join our commenting forum
Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies
Comments