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A prehistoric palm living on the Isle of Wight has produced male and female cones for the first time in 60 million years, botanists say.
The exotic palm – which dominated the planet 280 million years ago – is believed to be thriving on the cliffs of Ventnor Botanic Gardens because of climate change .
The garden is on average five degrees warmer than the rest of the mainland, making it the second warmest part of the UK after the Isles of Scilly.
“This presents us with an exciting opportunity to transfer pollen and generate seeds for the first time in the UK for 60 million years,” said Liz Walker from Ventnor Botanic Garden.
“This can be seen as further evidence from the plant kingdom of climate change in action. Certainly this sort of plant could formerly not be considered hardy in the UK; the recent heatwave has contributed to the individual cone growth,” said Ms Walker.
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppaShow all 35 1 /35Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa More than half of Britain’s tea is grown in Kenya, with 62,000 tons imported to the UK in 2017
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Yorkshire Tea has pledged to plant a million trees by the end of the year, half in the UK, and half in Kenya. The project encourages smallholder tea farmers to plant trees that provide benefits such as additional crops, protection from wind and food for their livestock
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Thanks to the benefits he has seen from planting trees, Patrick Kimathi, 52, a farmer from Kianjogu, has been able to install a chaff cutter, a mechanical device for cutting napier grass he grows as fodder for his livestock, as well as a mini biogas plant that converts cow dung into fuel for a cooking stove
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Kimathi’s house, where he lives with his wife, Priscilla, daughter, Nancy, 23, a qualified teacher, and two sons, 15 and 19. He’s been farming here for 30 years
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Avocado trees are popular in Meru because they reach maturity within two to three years, provide shade for crops and don’t require chemicals
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Local buyers come to the farm to cut down and collect the avocados they want to sell
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Grevillea trees, originally from southeastern Australia, are used as a windbreak to protect the tea bushes from wind and dust
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Grevillea on Kimathi’s farm: the lower branches can be cut down, dried and used to feed livestock during a drought. Some farmers also plant the trees to keep out wild elephants
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Festus Mugambi Mimuga’s tea farm is the best in Imenti because his bushes are so flat
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Mimuga starts work at 3am and works through to 4pm six days a week
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Hand-picking a bud with two leaves is best for high-quality tea
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Kenyan tea is widely considered as some of the best in the world
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa A tea picker empties her basket at a buying centre, ready to sell to the local factory
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Bags of tea leaves ready to start the drying process at Imenti factory
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Workers begin sorting the day’s haul
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa The leaves are emptied into long, heated troughs and tossed by hand to ensure they are evenly dried
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa After the tea has been packed, it is either shipped directly to buyers or sent to the Mombasa Tea Auction
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Developing the seedlings in a nursery produces higher yields, reduces the length of the growing season and uses the land more efficiently
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa A student planting an avocado seedling at Baitigitu Primary School, one of several around Meru participating in Yorkshire Tea’s tree-planting project
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Once planted, each student is responsible for taking care of the tree
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Ukuu cluster gathers for its monthly meeting, during which farmers can discuss the latest cultivation advice and receive payment for their trees
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Dorothy Naitore addresses farmers at Ukuu cluster. Through the Tist programme, she has been able to buy land under her own name. Despite the fact women in Africa contribute 70 per cent of food production, they often lack rights to land
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Members of the Tegemeo group celebrate receiving their first prepayment for the carbon sequestered in their trees. They have planted 3,148 trees, the highest number out of all the groups in Ukuu cluster
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Julia Nkatha owns the largest farm in the Tegemeo group, and has planted 2,109 trees eligible for carbon quantification. ‘We started this group because we realised we were watering out trees wrong,’ she tells the cluster meeting
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Tea pickers return from the fields with baskets of leaves
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Julis Gituma Kiugu, 60, grows hybrid trees that grow faster and use less water. The challenge, he says, is adapting the species to keep pace with climate change
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Kiugu grows lots of bananas on his farm because they can survive a long time without rain
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Alphaxard Mwangi Kimani is a farmer, quantifier and seminar facilitator with Tist. He has planted an arboretum on his five acres, and has 76 species of indigenous trees, and nine fruit species. ‘We’ve been able to see the tree cover of this country grow,’ he says. ‘Everybody feels proud’
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Mary Gitionga, a farmer and quantifier with Ukuu cluster. Gitionga is responsible for auditing small groups’ tree groves so the amount of carbon sequestered can be calculated
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa The late rains mean the ground is too hard to plant anything, so some of the tea factories around Imenti have established seedling nurseries to help their farmers
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa On his farm, Joshua Gichuge Miugania has planted around 800 trees in 12 years, and has 200 more in a seedling nursery
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Miugania has also installed around 280 beehives in some of the trees he has planted on the steep slopes of his farm
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Miugania also keeps goats, for milk, and chickens, for eggs, on his farm
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa Agnes Kingia, 75, has lived in this area since 1967 and was one of the first Tist members in 2009. Her nine children are now all grown-up, but she still does most of the work on the farm. In her house, she has built a fuel-efficient stove for cooking
Jonathan Gregson
Kenyan tea farmers are planting trees to save the great British cuppa With long, sunny days, fertile soil and stable rainfall, Kenya used to provide the ideal conditions for growing tea. But climate change is putting the future of the crop at great risk
Jonathan Gregson
The cycad (Cycas revoluta ), also known as Japanese sago palm, lived during the Jurassic period along steep limestone cliffs in what is now the UK.
At the time the Earth had significantly higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Botanists say the rise in emissions may have triggered its growth in the past few years.
These plants dominated the planet before the evolution of flowering plants and are now usually found as ornamental plants inside British homes.
“Fifteen, 20 years ago we started growing cycads – it started as an experiment, something you wouldn’t normally do,” Chris Kidd, curator at Ventnor Botanic Garden, told CNN .
“Fifteen years on, they’re not only surviving winters, growing and producing leaves. Five years ago we had a male cycad that produced a cone, and this year we have a male and female both producing cones,” he said.
Ancient fossilised cycads have been found along the cliffs where the new plants are now growing.
Botanists working at the garden will transfer the pollen by hand in around a week as the plants are too far apart for this to happen naturally.
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